一、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓變壓器概述(shu)
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)是根據(ju)《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)》標(biao)準，在(zai)油(you)(you)浸(jin)(jin)式(shi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣體具有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能及優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧(hu)性能，其耐壓(ya)強(qiang)度為同(tong)一壓(ya)力(li)(li)下氮氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)，擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)。在(zai)0.25MPa下與油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)等(deng)，在(zai)0.45MPa壓(ya)力(li)(li)下是油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)，是一種優于油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一代超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)介質(zhi)材料。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)技術要求完全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標(biao)準，它是油(you)(you)浸(jin)(jin)式(shi)輕(qing)型試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。該產(chan)(chan)品(pin)具有體積(ji)小、重量輕(qing)、不受氣候(hou)變(bian)化影響、電(dian)暈小、現場搬運無(wu)需靜止(zhi)可使(shi)用(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)長(chang)、免維修等(deng)特點。適用(yong)于電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統、工(gong)礦(kuang)企業(ye)、科研(yan)部門(men)等(deng)對各種高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)氣設備(bei)、電(dian)氣元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)材料進(jin)行(xing)工(gong)頻或(huo)直(zhi)流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)強(qiang)度試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓變壓器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗(yan)變壓器采用單(dan)框芯式(shi)鐵芯結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，初級繞組(zu)繞在(zai)鐵芯上，高壓繞組(zu)在(zai)外，這種同軸布置減少了漏磁通，因而增大(da)了繞組(zu)間的耦合。產品的外殼(ke)為圓(yuan)柱灌式(shi)容器結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，能耐受(shou)0.8MPa以上壓力。其結(jie)構(gou)(gou)見圖1：
三、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器為單相變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器，聯(lian)結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以(yi)上為380V)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)接(jie)入 (為本公司生產(chan)的(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器配套專(zhuan)用設(she)備，詳細資(zi)料(liao)請見其具體使用說明(ming)書)系(xi)列(lie)操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內(nei)自偶(ou)調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(50kVA以(yi)上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器外附)調(diao)節至(zhi)0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)初級繞組，根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)磁感應原理，在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可獲得(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)所(suo)需的(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺(tai)YDQ系列高壓試驗變壓器的(de)工作原(yuan)理圖(tu)見圖(tu)2。
單臺YDQ系列交直流高壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的工作原(yuan)理圖見圖3，圖中(zhong)高壓(ya)(ya)套管(guan)中(zhong)裝(zhuang)有高壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)(gui)堆(dui)，串接(jie)在高壓(ya)(ya)回路中(zhong)作半波整流，以(yi)獲得直流高電壓(ya)(ya)。當用一短路桿(gan)將高壓(ya)(ya)硅(gui)(gui)堆(dui)短接(jie)時(shi)，可獲得工頻高電壓(ya)(ya)，作為(wei)交流輸(shu)出狀態(tai)；取消短路桿(gan)時(shi)，作為(wei)直流輸(shu)出狀態(tai)。
試驗變壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)套管中的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆未畫出，其原理與上圖(tu)相同(tong)。
三臺試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線原理見圖(tu)(tu)4。串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)越性，因為整個(ge)(ge)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)由幾(ji)臺單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)組成，單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)小、電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)輕(qing)，便(bian)于運(yun)輸和(he)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既然可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)成高(gao)出(chu)幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)組合使用(yong)，又可(ke)分(fen)開成幾(ji)套單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)單(dan)獨(du)使用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)投資(zi)小，經濟實惠。圖(tu)(tu)5中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)單(dan)元試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)都有一個(ge)(ge)勵(li)(li)磁(ci)繞組A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三臺串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)加(jia)在(zai)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組a1x1上，單(dan)臺試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)(li)磁(ci)繞組A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組供電(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)磁(ci)繞組A2、C2給第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)繞組供電(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體分(fen)別處在(zai)對地為1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)位(wei)上，所(suo)以箱(xiang)(xiang)體對地是絕(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)(xiang)體是接(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)(de)額定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)別為1V、2V、3V；其額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)別為3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器做被試品的工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)使用接線(xian)原(yuan)理圖(tu)(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)(tu)5。
圖(tu)中(zhong)：R1—限(xian)流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保護電阻(zu) G—球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi) CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可(ke)靠接(jie)地
工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓(ya)試驗(yan)中限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻R1應(ying)根據(ju)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的(de)額定容(rong)量(liang)來選擇。如(ru)高壓(ya)側額定輸出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)100～300mA時(shi)，可取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))；高壓(ya)側額定輸出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為1A以上(shang)時(shi)，可取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya))。常用水電(dian)(dian)阻作為限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻，管子長度可按150kV/m考(kao)慮(lv)，管子粗細應(ying)具有足夠的(de)熱容(rong)量(liang)(水阻液配制方法(fa)：用蒸餾水加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制成(cheng)各(ge)種不同的(de)阻值)。
球(qiu)間隙及保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓超過(guo)球(qiu)間隙整定值時(一般(ban)取(qu)試驗電(dian)(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間隙放電(dian)(dian)，對被試品起到(dao)保護(hu)作用。球(qiu)間隙保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓)選取(qu)。
在(zai)(zai)(zai)工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表(biao)(biao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非(fei)常(chang)準確的(de)，其原因(yin)是由于(yu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這個漏(lou)抗上(shang)必(bi)然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容(rong)升，使試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)(biao)上(shang)反(fan)映(ying)出(chu)來的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工頻耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂(wei)容(rong)升現(xian)象。感應(ying)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗必(bi)然存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為了準確測量(liang)被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)上(shang)所施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此(ci)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試(shi)驗人員(yuan)應做好分工(gong)，明確(que)相互(hu)間聯系(xi)方(fang)法。并有專(zhuan)門人監(jian)護現場**及觀察試(shi)品狀態。
2）被試品應先清掃干(gan)凈(jing)，并**干(gan)燥，以免損壞被試品和試驗帶(dai)來(lai)的誤差。
3）對于大型(xing)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，一般(ban)都(dou)應先進(jin)行空升試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。即(ji)不接(jie)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)時升壓(ya)至(zhi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)，校對各種表計，調(diao)整球(qiu)間(jian)隙。
4）升壓速度不能太(tai)快(kuai)，并(bing)必(bi)須防止突(tu)然(ran)(ran)加壓。例(li)如調壓器不在(zai)零位時突(tu)然(ran)(ran)合(he)閘。也(ye)不能突(tu)然(ran)(ran)切斷電源，一(yi)般應在(zai)調壓器降至零位時拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)至試驗電(dian)壓(ya)時，開始計時，到1min后，迅速降壓(ya)到1/3試驗電(dian)壓(ya)以下(xia)時，才(cai)能拉(la)開電(dian)源。
6）在(zai)升壓或耐壓試驗(yan)過程中，如發(fa)現(xian)下列不(bu)正常(chang)情況時(shi)，應(ying)立即降壓，切斷(duan)電源。停止(zhi)試驗(yan)并查明原(yuan)因：①電壓表指針擺動很大(da)；②發(fa)現(xian)絕(jue)緣燒焦或冒煙；③被(bei)試品內有不(bu)正常(chang)的聲音(yin)。
7）耐壓試驗(yan)前(qian)后應測量絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器在做被(bei)試品的(de)直流(liu)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)泄露試驗時接線(xian)原理圖如圖6。
注：此試驗應(ying)先(xian)抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所(suo)示。
圖中：VD—高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆(dui) R1—限流電阻(zu) C1—高壓(ya)(ya)濾(lv)波電容 FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)(ya)器 CX—被試(shi)品 μA—帶保(bao)護微安表
泄露試驗中限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R1選擇(ze)(ze)在額(e)定輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，輸出端短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超過(guo)高壓硅堆(dui)的(de)*大(da)整流(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓硅堆(dui)的(de)*大(da)整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)試驗裝置(zhi)中，限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇(ze)(ze)。限(xian)(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻還應具有(you)足夠的(de)容量(liang)和沿面(mian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾(lv)波電容(rong)C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的(de)電容(rong)量很(hen)大(da)時(shi)，C1可省略(lve)不用。
泄露試驗的操作及注意事項
1）試驗(yan)前應先檢查(cha)被(bei)試品是否(fou)停(ting)電，接(jie)地放電，一切對外連線是否(fou)擦干凈。要嚴防將試驗(yan)電壓(ya)加到有人工作的部(bu)位(wei)上(shang)去。
2）接好試驗裝(zhuang)置的(de)接線后，應(ying)復查(cha)(cha)無誤后才可(ke)加壓。應(ying)特別注(zhu)意檢查(cha)(cha)高(gao)壓設備及引線與地(di)、與操作人員的(de)**距離，被試品的(de)外殼是否(fou)可(ke)靠接地(di)，要按**規程中所規定的(de)內容進行試驗。
3）對于大電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量設備(bei)應(ying)緩慢(man)升壓，防止被試品的充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)燒壞微(wei)安(an)表。必(bi)要時應(ying)分(fen)級加壓，分(fen)別讀取各級電(dian)(dian)壓下微(wei)安(an)表的穩定讀數(shu)。
4）試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)過程中，應密切(qie)(qie)監(jian)視被試(shi)品、試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝置、微安表，一旦發生擊(ji)穿、閃(shan)爍(shuo)等異常現象應立即降壓，切(qie)(qie)斷電源，并查明原因，詳細(xi)記錄。
5）試驗完(wan)畢，降壓，切斷電源后應將被(bei)試品及試驗裝置本身充分放電。
四、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)接好(hao)工作線(xian)路。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)外殼以(yi)及操作系統(tong)的(de)(de)外殼必(bi)(bi)須(xu)可(ke)(ke)靠接地(di)。試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)尾)以(yi)及測(ce)量(liang)繞組的(de)(de)F端必(bi)(bi)須(xu)可(ke)(ke)靠接地(di)。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的低壓(ya)(ya)繞組的X端，測量繞組的F端以及(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組的X端(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾)均接(jie)本(ben)級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的外殼。**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的外殼必須(xu)通過絕緣支架(jia)接(jie)地。
3、接(jie)(jie)通電(dian)源前(qian)，操作系統的調壓(ya)器必須調到零位后方可接(jie)(jie)通電(dian)源，合閘，開始升壓(ya)。
4、從零(ling)開始均勻旋(xuan)轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：快(kuai)速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)供選用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零(ling)開始按一定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度(du)(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的(de)額定試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后(hou)，在(zai)以每秒2%額定試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速(su)度(du)(du)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需的(de)額定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測量儀(yi)表的(de)指示以及被試品的(de)情況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中(zhong)或試驗過程中(zhong)如發現測量儀(yi)表的(de)指示及被試品情況異常(chang)，應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，查明情況。
5、試(shi)驗完(wan)畢(bi)后(hou)(hou)，應在(zai)數(shu)秒內勻速的(de)將調壓器返回至零(ling)位，然后(hou)(hou)切(qie)斷電源。
6、本產品不(bu)得超過(guo)額(e)定參數使用。除試驗必須外，決不(bu)允(yun)許全電壓(ya)通電或斷電。
7、再升(sheng)壓或耐壓試驗過程中(zhong)，如發現以下(xia)不(bu)正常情(qing)況時(shi)，應立即降壓，切斷電源，停止(zhi)試驗并查明原因。
⑴電壓表(biao)指針擺動(dong)(或(huo)數字(zi)跳動(dong))很(hen)大
⑵電(dian)流表直線上升(sheng)
被試品內(nei)有(you)不(bu)正常的聲音
8、圖1中第9項系(xi)壓(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)表，為長期(qi)關(guan)閉狀態。每6個(ge)月開閥一次，以檢查SF6壓(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)力(li)后立即關(guan)閉閥門(men))，低(di)于(yu)0.2MPa時(shi)應(ying)加SF6氣體，以增加氣絕(jue)緣(yuan)。
9、耐壓實驗前后應測量(liang)被試設(she)備的絕緣電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣情(qing)況。
10、當試驗變壓器(qi)長期不使用(yong)時，應放置于通風、干燥(zao)、無陽光直(zhi)射的地方(fang)。
11、該產品(pin)不允許在高于45℃的溫度下長期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬運(yun)途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓(ya)力閥、壓(ya)力表(biao)不得擅自松(song)動。
14、使(shi)用本產(chan)品做高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗時，出熟悉(xi)本說(shuo)明書外(wai)，還必(bi)須嚴(yan)格執行國家(jia)有關(guan)標準(zhun)和操(cao)作規(gui)程。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)變(bian)設備的絕(jue)緣配合，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗技術(shu)》；《電氣設備預防性試(shi)驗規(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-150KVA/300KV交流耐壓變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗(yan)變壓器容量Pn的確定公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式中：
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗變壓器容量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓器的(de)額(e)定輸出高壓的(de)有效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標稱電(dian)壓較低時(shi)，k值可取高一些(xie)。
Ct——被試(shi)品(pin)的(de)電容(rong)量(liang)(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻(pin)(pin)率
被試設(she)備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流電(dian)橋測(ce)出。Ct的變化很大(da)，
可由設備的(de)類型而定。
典(dian)型數據如下：
簡單的棒(bang)式或懸式絕緣子(zi) 幾十微法
簡單(dan)的分級套(tao)管(guan) 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電(dian)力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和油浸紙絕緣(yuan) 250～300pF/m
氣(qi)體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變(bian)電站(zhan)，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣 ; 100～10000Pf;
對于不同的(de)試驗電壓Vn，選(xuan)擇不同的(de)(適當的(de))**系數k。
以下列出(chu)不同的Vn所(suo)選用(yong)的k值供參(can)考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2